Literature indicates that pediculosis capitis is a common contagious communicable disease among school age children. It is only exceeded in frequency by the common cold. Presently, there is no pesticide treatment that is 100% effective. Recent studies have shown that some lice are becoming resistant to the recommended pesticides. To ensure effective treatment, three steps are involved: use of the lice killing product in the safest most effective way, meticulous removal of all nits (lice eggs) and the treatment of personal articles and the environment.

This study, utilizing a self-administered researcher designed questionnaire, first gathered information regarding current occurrences, screening practices, policies, and protocols used by elementary school nurses in Mercer and Crawford Counties in northwestern Pennsylvania. The sample consisted of 17 practicing school nurses with a mean 14.7 years of experience in this field. The results from this study indicated that these school nurses were not currently implementing all of the interventions needed to make up an effective pediculosis prevention program. These survey results were then incorporated into the development of a protocol to be utilized by school nurses as a guideline for pediculosis preventive practices.